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Henry Chandler Cowles
Henry Chandler Cowles (February 27, 1869 – September 12, 1939) was an American botanist and ecological pioneer (see History of ecology). A professor at the University of Chicago,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ecology and the American Environment )〕 he studied ecological succession in the Indiana Dunes of Northwest Indiana.〔Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009). (The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation ). The South Shore Journal, 3.〕 This led to efforts to preserve the Indiana Dunes.〔〔Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: (Preservationists of Ogden Dunes ). The South Shore Journal, 1.〕 One of Cowles' students, O. D. Frank continued his research.〔Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2007). (The cultural impact of a museum in a small community: The Hour Glass of Ogden Dunes ). The South Shore Journal, 2.〕
==Life and work==
Born in Kensington, Connecticut, Cowles attended Oberlin College in Ohio. He studied at the University of Chicago with the plant taxonomist John M. Coulter and the geologist Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin as main teachers. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1898 for his study of vegetation succession on the Lake Michigan sand dunes. The inspiration to these studies came from reading Plantesamfund by the Danish botanist and pioneer ecologist Eugen Warming.〔(A Letter from Henry A. Gleason, written 1952, printed in Brittonia 39: 2 (1987), pp. 205-209. )〕〔Prytz, S. (1984) Warming – botaniker og rejsende. Lynge, Bogan; p. 127 quotes a letter from Cowles to Warming: "The reading of it (i.e. Plantesamfund) in the summer of 1896 turned the current of my life, which is now devoted to ecology".〕 The translation of Warming's term into English as "Oecology" led to Cowles becoming one of the primary popularizers of the term ecology in the United States. Cowles studied Danish to be able to read the original〔Cassidy, V.M. (2007) ''(Henry Chandler Cowles – pioneer ecologist )''. Kedzie Sigel Press, Chicago.〕 and later (1905) visited Warming in Copenhagen. Cowles was one of the founding members of the Ecological Society of America.〔(ESA history )〕
Cowles married Elizabeth Waller in 1900, and their daughter Harriet was born in 1912.〔
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